2.2.2. Donors<br>2.21.1 Piezoelectric sensor<br>The piezoelectric effect was invented by Pierre Curie in the late 19th century. The discovery was<br>that if you put crystals under traction or pressure, an electrical potential was created. This<br>The discovery has led to many important inventions, including a crystalline scillator<br>of the mechanical resonance of a piezoelectric material vibrating crystal to create a<br>an electrical signal with an exact frequency. This can be used i n clocks to keep a steady speed on<br>watch. But it took until the 1950s for technology to be used for industrial sensor solutions. Today<br>they are used in most categories, whether in the aeronautical industry or in displays.<br>Piezoelectric sensors can be very small, or thin [6.7].<br>The intrinsic properties of the material are often used in the construction of<br>voltage-microsensors. In principle, the piezoelectric and piezoelectric effects are used in:<br>micromechanical devices [8]. Sensors where piezoelectronics technology is very versatile and<br>The technology can be used in both passive and active applications.<br>Sensors. A fundamental idea behind the functioning of the sensor is that certain types of quartz crystal, when<br>they are used as resonators in electrical oscillators, change the frequency of resonance when they are:<br>mechanically charged [9]. In practice, you can see the crystal as a small battery if you squeeze on<br>That. One side gets a positive charge and the other side gets a negative charge. Connect the two<br>The sides together, the electricity flows into the conduit. This load differential can be measured and<br>translate to a force linear to the loading of the sides. This also works in the opposite direction.<br>If a voltage were to be applied over its opposite surfaces, the crystal would be deformed.<br>Figure 4 shows how the piezoelectric crystal reacts to both compression and elongation.<br>
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